The FAA medical examination is a critical part of obtaining or renewing a pilot's medical certificate, which is necessary to operate aircraft legally in the United States. The exam is conducted by an FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) and varies slightly depending on the class of medical certificate you're applying for (First, Second, or Third Class). Here are the main areas that are assessed:
This is a basic outline. Specific FAA requirements are subject to change. Visit FAA.gov for specific questions/requirements.
1. Medical History
The AME will review your medical history, which includes a comprehensive list of past and present medical conditions, surgeries, medications, and any visits to healthcare providers.
Certain conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, mental health issues, or neurological disorders, might require additional documentation or special issuance.
2. Vision
Acuity: The standard for First and Second Class is 20/20 vision in each eye, with or without correction. Third Class requires 20/40 or better.
Color Vision: You must be able to distinguish aviation color signal lights and airport lighting systems.
Peripheral Vision: The ability to see in the periphery is tested.
Near Vision: Pilots must also be able to read, with or without correction, at near distances.
3. Hearing
You must be able to understand a normal spoken conversation. This can be tested through a standard audiogram or by simply repeating spoken words back to the examiner.
4. Blood Pressure
The FAA has specific limits for blood pressure, typically requiring it to be 155/95 mmHg or lower. Higher readings may require further evaluation.
5. Cardiovascular Health
Depending on your age and the class of medical certificate, you may need to undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG). For example, First Class medical certificates require an ECG at age 35 and annually after age 40.
6. Neurological Health
The examiner will check for signs of neurological disorders, such as balance issues, tremors, or other indicators of nervous system problems.
7. Mental Health
Mental health is a significant area of focus. The AME will review your history for any psychological issues, including depression, anxiety, or substance abuse.
Conditions like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia are disqualifying, although some conditions can be managed with FAA-approved treatment plans.
8. General Physical Examination
This includes an overall assessment of your physical health, including the abdomen, skin, lungs, and musculoskeletal system. Any abnormalities may require further investigation.
9. Urinalysis
A urine test is done to check for sugar, protein, blood, or other abnormalities that might indicate kidney issues, diabetes, or other systemic problems.
10. Substance Abuse
The FAA is strict about substance abuse, including alcohol and drugs. A history of substance abuse or a positive test can lead to disqualification or require a special issuance with ongoing monitoring.
11. Other Specific Tests
Depending on the individual’s medical history, the AME might order additional tests or require documentation from specialists to ensure there are no disqualifying conditions.
Special Issuances and Denials
If you have a medical condition that is disqualifying, the FAA might issue a Special Issuance certificate, which allows you to fly under certain conditions. The process for obtaining this can be lengthy and requires thorough documentation.